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Age-related conditions and declines in health, including Alzheimer's disease, represent some of the most urgent challenges in population aging research. Growing evidence suggests that these conditions begin developing decades before clinical symptoms appear. This presentation will introduce the new Add CAPS (Cognitive Assessment, Physical function, and Sensory function) measures from Wave VI of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), designed to address key gaps in understanding early and midlife risk factors for cognitive, physical, and sensory decline. We will also present findings from Add Health data that highlight the significance of early Alzheimer's disease risk factors for cognitive function in early midlife. Together, this work underscores the importance of a life-course approach to identifying and ultimately preventing age-related conditions and declines later in life.